### MrPaul_TUser's blog

By MrPaul_TUser, history, 4 weeks ago,

Ideas: MikeMirzayanov

1560A - Dislike of Threes

Tutorial
Solution

1560B - Who's Opposite?

Tutorial
Solution

1560C - Infinity Table

Tutorial
Solution

1560D - Make a Power of Two

Tutorial
Solution

1560E - Polycarp and String Transformation

Tutorial
Solution

1560F1 - Nearest Beautiful Number (easy version)

Tutorial
Solution

1560F2 - Nearest Beautiful Number (hard version)

Tutorial
Short solution
Long solution

• +73

 » 4 weeks ago, # | ← Rev. 5 →   -8 Very Good Round with Balanced Problemsets! Problem C was very interesting to me. Thanks!
•  » » 4 weeks ago, # ^ |   -41 How dare you say something wholesome here? No wonder you got downvoted. /s
•  » » » 4 weeks ago, # ^ |   -16 It seems that you get downvotes too.):
•  » » » » 4 weeks ago, # ^ |   +4 They are just spoilt children don't mind them.
•  » » 4 weeks ago, # ^ |   +4 C was pretty similar to a CSES Problem-https://cses.fi/problemset/task/1071
•  » » » 4 weeks ago, # ^ |   0 Thanks Man!
 » 4 weeks ago, # |   -8 Great problemset and quick editorial.
 » 4 weeks ago, # |   +42 Thank you for the round! Problems were interesting and of the right difficulty for a Div. 3.For problem F1, there's a simpler solution: Simply generate all beautiful numbers for $k = 2$, my program counts about $80,000$. Link
•  » » 4 weeks ago, # ^ |   +3 Can you please explain what i,j,k,l,m denote in your code?
•  » » » 4 weeks ago, # ^ |   0 i and j are the two digits that are in the number. k is the number of digits in the number. I use l as a bitmask to determine which digits are i and which are j. Then I loop over the digits of the bitmask with m and construct the new number, which I insert into the set. I don't let i == j by setting j = i + 1 since that is already covered when the bitmask is all 0 or 1.
•  » » » » 4 weeks ago, # ^ |   +3 Got it. Thanks!
 » 4 weeks ago, # |   -30 Prob C was very interesting ngl.
•  » » 4 weeks ago, # ^ | ← Rev. 2 →   -35 Completely agree ! Pre-computing all powers of 2 upto 10^18
•  » » » 4 weeks ago, # ^ |   +13 That was D i guess
•  » » 4 weeks ago, # ^ | ← Rev. 2 →   +1 One great observation was that the leading row in the table was forming an arithmetic progression with common difference of 2.Great problem
•  » » » 4 weeks ago, # ^ | ← Rev. 3 →   +1 Well, not the row elements, but the differences between consecutive elements form an arithmetic progression with a common difference of 2. This is because $\sum\limits_{i=0}^{k}2k+1 = k^2$ and every element in first row will obviously be $k^2 + 1$ and numbers $2k+1$ form an arithmetic progression with a common difference of 2.Using this, we can also solve it in less than $\mathcal O(\sqrt k)$. The time complexity will depend on how you calculate the square root.
•  » » » » 4 weeks ago, # ^ |   0 Great approach can you please give me this particular solution....if you don't mind pls
•  » » » » » 4 weeks ago, # ^ |   0 Pardon the late response. Here's the pseudocode. n = floor(sqrt(k)) d = k - n * n if d = 0: return (n, 1) else if (d <= n + 1): return (d, n + 1) else return (n + 1, (n + 1 - (d - (n + 1))) This works in $\mathcal O(1)$ once you calculate square root.
•  » » 4 weeks ago, # ^ |   0 gives me old spoj problems vibe.
 » 4 weeks ago, # | ← Rev. 2 →   +22 I liked all problems. For F I made a dp with bitmasks (normal dp on digits), you could've set the constraints to disallow this solution, because it was pretty brainless (no cases to think about, just "brute-force")O(T * 2^LEN * LEN), where LEN is the number of digits of N.
•  » » 4 weeks ago, # ^ |   -12 But don't you think this thing is above Div3 level for like 98% official particpants of Div3?
•  » » » 4 weeks ago, # ^ |   +25 idk I never went to Div3 before, thinking carefully about many cases can be harder and more tricky.
•  » » » » 4 weeks ago, # ^ |   -19 yeah, that's your tunnel vision right there.
•  » » 4 weeks ago, # ^ |   +9 I implemented a similar solution (126326225) with complexity O(LEN * 1024) per test case. However, I feel considering a Div. 3 round, it wouldn't be brainless for official participants to think of a Digit DP there. However, what could have been changed was that instead of bombarding with 10^4 test cases, the length of the number could have been increased to let's say N <= 10^1000.
•  » » 4 weeks ago, # ^ |   +3 Could you elaborate on how the recurrence of the dp worked?
•  » » 4 weeks ago, # ^ | ← Rev. 2 →   0 Isn't it O(T*2^LEN)?EDIT: No, there is popcount in every recursion
•  » » » 4 weeks ago, # ^ |   0 You can avoid popcount by having a 4th argument (which you don't need to use for memoization). So, ll dp[1<<10][10][2] but the function ll solve(int mask, int pos, bool flag, int popcount) { ... } . But this does not change the complexity
•  » » 4 weeks ago, # ^ |   0 I did the same solution and it got hacked. Did yours pass?
•  » » 4 weeks ago, # ^ | ← Rev. 3 →   +5 linkret I see no do major difference in our approach ( sorry , if there is) Can you tell why mine is TLE ? Here is my submission 126427896
•  » » » 4 weeks ago, # ^ |   0 I think it's better to always count the bits, and immediately return INF if there are too many, instead of just doing it in the end.
•  » » » » 4 weeks ago, # ^ |   0 Hey [user:linkert] even after that , for clearing the array the whole complexity is (10^4 * 2^10 * 10 * 2) . Shouldn't it be TLE ?
•  » » » » » 4 weeks ago, # ^ | ← Rev. 2 →   0 2*10^8 is fast enough for Codeforces, even 10^9 is, too. My solution is about 100ms.
•  » » » » » » 4 weeks ago, # ^ |   +6 Counting bits worked and AC
•  » » 4 weeks ago, # ^ |   +5 Hey , can you explain the approach a bit too?
•  » » » » 4 weeks ago, # ^ |   0 Thanks alot , great explanation
 » 4 weeks ago, # | ← Rev. 2 →   +22 Just curious, how did you come up with problem E? What motivated this particular string construction?It was a nice problem :)
 » 4 weeks ago, # | ← Rev. 3 →   +8 A clean solution for C#include using namespace std; #define int long long #define forn(i, a, n) for (int i = a; i < n; i++) #define MAXN 200100 #define MOD 1000000007 void solve() { int k; cin >> k; int n = ceil(sqrt(k)); int diff = n*n - k; if(diff >= n) { cout << 2*(n-1) - diff + 1 << " " << n << endl; } else { cout << n << " " << diff + 1 << endl; } } int32_t main() { int t; cin >> t; while(t--) {solve();} return 0; } 
•  » » 4 weeks ago, # ^ |   +4 $sqrt()$ runs in $O(logK)$
 » 4 weeks ago, # | ← Rev. 2 →   +11 I'm not pretty good at math, so I solved C using binary search.I noticed that the last number of the $i_{th}$ row is $i^2$, so I do a binary search to find the row which $n$ belongs to. Then the starting number of the new column is $i^2 + 1$ (let's call this $start$), thus the number $corner$ at the position $(i + 1, i + 1)$ is $start + i$. I finally check whether $n$ exceeds $corner$ or not, if it does then the answer is $(i + 1, i + corner + 1 - n)$, else the answer is $(n - start + 1, i + 1)$Here's my submission
•  » » 4 weeks ago, # ^ |   0 pretty smart vision :)
•  » » 4 weeks ago, # ^ |   0 I solved using the same approach!Also, binary search was not necessary for finding the nearest square since the constraints allowed a linear search algorithm. :)
 » 4 weeks ago, # | ← Rev. 2 →   +5 Why does the short solution in F2 work in m^2 ? Couldn't figure it out:(Btw problems are pretty good!!
•  » » 2 days ago, # ^ |   0 Suppose n = 789152352 and k = 3. Then the algorithm takes you to:789200000789300000789400000789500000789600000789700000Now this is a special point in the algorithm. The fourth character of the number is now among the 3 previously used digits, and now you just have to fill the 0's.This act of "filling in the 0's" is O(M^2). (For each of the 0's, you have to do O(M * B) work where B the base, in this case the number is base 10 so B = 10. And there are O(M) 0's. So in total it is O(M^2 * B). Or just O(M^2) since B = 10, is a constant.)There is another case, where you have to "loop around" because the character that was being incremented (in this case the 1 got incremented to 2, 3, .., then 7) hit 9 and then looped back around to 0. For example, if:n = 456713538, k = 3. Then you have to do:456800000456900000457000000But you still end up with a state where now you just have to "fill in the 0's". Again O(M^2).
 » 4 weeks ago, # |   +18 Example test cases were really handy for giving AC in one go.. DigitForces
 » 4 weeks ago, # |   -17 My O(1) solution to the problem C. CLICK
•  » » 4 weeks ago, # ^ |   +2 it is O(40000 * 100)
•  » » » 4 weeks ago, # ^ |   0 Oh my bad, I thought anything that goes on before any input is taken comes into compile time. So I mistook my O(40000*100) as O(1) as it didn't depend on n. Thanks for helping, a newbie here :)
•  » » 4 weeks ago, # ^ |   +11 As a newbie I just wanted to show my solution and hopefully get some feedback ( which apparently I got ). Maybe my rating is what made you all to downvote. I was working hard, but now I'll double my hard work. Ciao :)
 » 4 weeks ago, # | ← Rev. 7 →   +3 Problem A could be solved in $\mathcal{O}(1)$ time complexity: The unit digit is cyclic, and the cycle's length is 10. The sequence of remainders when dividing by 3 is cyclic, and the cycle's length is 3. Let's define $f(x)$ to be $1$ if Polycarp likes $x$, and $0$ otherwise. Then, $f(x)$ is cyclic, and its cycle's length is $lcm(3, 10) = 30$. We can compute the number of liked numbers among the first $30$ positive integers, let's call it $M$. Let's also say that there are $T$ contiguous ranges of size 30 between 1 and the number we're looking for (excluding that number).Then $T \cdot M < K$, which means that $T = \left\lceil\frac{K}{M}\right\rceil - 1$. Now, we just need to find the $(K-T\cdot M)$-th liked number strictly greater than $30\cdot T$, which is less than 30 steps away from $30\cdot T$.
•  » » 4 weeks ago, # ^ |   0 great!!!
 » 4 weeks ago, # |   0 Can anyone tell me that in the problem B can there be any testcase like:- 1 2 2as 2 people are in the circle 1 is next to 2 and we have to output the person next to 2.While I am hacking my solution by myself it's showing invalid input
•  » » 4 weeks ago, # ^ |   +3 No a,b,c should be distinct
•  » » » 4 weeks ago, # ^ |   -8 Dhanyavad Mitr.
•  » » 4 weeks ago, # ^ | ← Rev. 5 →   0 input 1 1 2 2 output 1 but in the problem it is mention that : Each test case consists of one line containing three distinct integers a,b,c.
 » 4 weeks ago, # |   0 I think it was a good round, at least for new users like me.
 » 4 weeks ago, # |   -15 MrPaul_TUser the solutions to problems A, B and C are possible in O(1) too. Will it be fine if you can please publish my O(1) solutions?
 » 4 weeks ago, # |   0 Problemset was great. First 3 questions were easy to solve. I got stuck at D and wasn't able to solve.
 » 4 weeks ago, # |   +1 I solved D 30s after contest got over. Worst feeling ever :/
•  » » 4 weeks ago, # ^ |   +1 I submitted E after a min, and man I felt sed cause my rank was pretty low and I hadn't solved D
•  » » » 4 weeks ago, # ^ |   0 E was easier to observe, but I wasted all my time on F1 and couldn't even solve it. Bad luck for me.
•  » » » » 4 weeks ago, # ^ |   0 atleast you solved D orz ;)
 » 4 weeks ago, # |   0 " Let's iterate a prefix of n starting from the empty one so that the prefix will be the prefix of x. This prefix must contain only the digits a and b" can someone explain what this means. Problem F1
 » 4 weeks ago, # |   0 Look at my submission for problem D. Link: https://codeforces.cc/contest/1560/submission/126381278Why this is getting TLE
•  » » 4 weeks ago, # ^ |   +1 I submitted your code in pypy3 it passedhttps://codeforces.cc/contest/1560/submission/126414861
•  » » » 4 weeks ago, # ^ |   0 Oh! Thanks alot from now on I'll be submitting in pypy3
 » 4 weeks ago, # |   -27 MathForces
 » 4 weeks ago, # |   0 For problem С is possible to generate arithmetic progression, and in solution use lower_bound
•  » » 4 weeks ago, # ^ |   0 Problem C can be easily done, first get the square root of k (bcz every row starts with square number), then start counting from top most box of next column.
•  » » » 4 weeks ago, # ^ |   0 What difficulty of your solution?
•  » » » » 4 weeks ago, # ^ |   0 You mean complexity, it will be whatever time you need to calculate the sqrt.
 » 4 weeks ago, # |   0 Guys i had submitted solution for E problem with the same logic. It ran fine in my local IDE but codeforces gave wrong answer on test 1. Is this some bug in the codeforces or is there some part of the code which is wrong. Please do let me know.Thank you.
•  » » 4 weeks ago, # ^ |   0 it gave WA on my machine too, it is very messy so I couldn't find the mistake, maybe you could add some comments.
 » 4 weeks ago, # |   0 Speed of editorial was quick in the round! Thank!
 » 4 weeks ago, # |   0 My soln got stuck for f1 as I was unable to place the right characters to go for can someone give explanation of f1
 » 4 weeks ago, # |   0 I can't see anyone mentioning it here, but many people have solved A using this method: Precompute an array with liked integers ranging from 1 to 1666, and then just output the k-1th element of the array. Are there any drawbacks to this method? It does take more space compared to the other solution, but the time complexity is much lower, O(1). (Correct me if I'm wrong).
•  » » 4 weeks ago, # ^ |   0 No, this method works fine but we can calculate till 1000th number instead of storing from 1 to 1666 Hope thats clears it
 » 4 weeks ago, # |   0 I solved F1 and F2! At 2 minutes after contests finished. :(
•  » » 4 weeks ago, # ^ |   +3 ehh, that sucks, but you know that you are good enough to even Fs in Div3, now you can try increasing speed:)
•  » » » 4 weeks ago, # ^ |   0 Thanks for nice comment :)
•  » » » 4 weeks ago, # ^ |   0 You did it very fast from A to D. Any tips on how to increase speed?
•  » » » » 4 weeks ago, # ^ |   +1 I try giving virtual contests, would recommend that, or you can do mashup of problems within time limit. Basically, solving problems in a timed environment helps ig.
 » 4 weeks ago, # |   0 For problem E, this submission gives different output on CF judge and local machine for some inputs, for e.g. for the i/p string vOutput of the above submission on OJ is -1, but when I run locally, the o/p is v v.Can anyone please help in figuring out why this is happening.Thank you.
•  » » 4 weeks ago, # ^ |   0 I submitted your solution with GNU G++17 compiler and it gave Runtime error on test 2. I have faced problem like yours on codeforces too and submitting on GNU G++17 compiler always helped me.
 » 4 weeks ago, # | ← Rev. 2 →   +3 This is my code for F2.
•  » » 4 weeks ago, # ^ |   +4 Can you please explain your idea?
•  » » » 4 weeks ago, # ^ |   0 It's just to adjust each digit from high to low.
•  » » 4 weeks ago, # ^ |   0 Please explain why you did this way
 » 4 weeks ago, # |   +1 It's a pity that I didn't attend.
 » 4 weeks ago, # |   0 This was a great round!
 » 4 weeks ago, # | ← Rev. 3 →   +10 I have another solution for Problem F2.First, take the longest prefix of $n$, such that there are at most $k$ distinct digits. Let's call that prefix $p$.If $p = n$, the answer is $n$.Otherwise, let's call $i$ as the first index after $p$ (for example: if $n = 199754$, $k = 3$, then $p$ will be $1997$ and $i$ will be $4$ (indexes start at $0$)).Now find the minimum $x$ such that $p$ contains $x$ and $x$ is greater than $i-th$ digit of $n$ ($x$ can't be equal to $i-th$ digit of $n$, because in that case you can choose longer prefix than $p$).Now there are $2$ cases: If $x$ exists, change the $i-th$ digit of $n$ into $x$. Then change the all remaining digits of $n$ (from $i+1$ to the last) into the smallest number in $p$. Otherwise, you can see that all digits of $p$ are less than $9$ (because in that case the $i-th$ digit of $n$ can't be bigger than all digits of $p$). Now you have to change one of the digits of $p$ into a bigger one. It's easy to see that you have to change the digit which have the biggest index. Lets call that index $j$. At fist $j$ will be $i-1$. Now if you want to change $j-th$ digit (let's call it $a$), insert all digits before $j$ (from $0$ to $j-1$) into a $multiset$. Let's call that $multiset$ $s$. Now there are $3$ cases: If $s$ doesn't contain $a$, change $a$ into $a+1$ and insert $a+1$ into $s$. Now if $s$ contain less than $k$ distinct digits, change all remaining digits into $0$, otherwise, change them into the smallest digit in $s$. If $s$ contains $a$, check if there is a digit in $s$ greater than $a$, find that minimum digit (let's call it $b$), change $a$ into $b$, then insert $b$ into $s$. Now if $s$ contain less than $k$ distinct digits, change all remaining digits into $0$, otherwise, change them into the smallest digit in $s$. Otherwise $j$ will become $j-1$ and the digit before $a$ will be deleted from $s$ (after this $s$ may contain the digit before $a$). Time complexity: $O(len$ $\mathrm{log}$ $len)$, where $len$ is the number of digits of $n$. This means that this solution will also work for $n \leq 10^{10^5}$ or even for bigger $n$.My code
 » 4 weeks ago, # |   0 May I ask you 1 thing ? Does this contest rates for people who are having rating under 1600? - If yes, why I have been rated yet ? - I need an answer.
•  » » 4 weeks ago, # ^ |   0 If there's no blog updates or notifications saying it's unrated,it will be rated for you. Just wait :)
•  » » » 4 weeks ago, # ^ |   +5 Thank you very much. I received the scores. :)
 » 4 weeks ago, # |   0 Great Contest, I became pupil for the first time.
•  » » 4 weeks ago, # ^ |   0 Congratulations!
 » 4 weeks ago, # | ← Rev. 2 →   0 Why my $O(t2^{10}mk)$ solution got $Accepted$ for problem F2...upd : got hacked lol
•  » » 4 weeks ago, # ^ |   0 Ah you get hacked,orz!
•  » » 4 weeks ago, # ^ |   0 I think we have the same approach but I break when the value will only rise, that will only take $O(2^k \times m \times 2)$ memory but $O(mk)$ query
 » 4 weeks ago, # |   0 For problem C, I got my answer wrong on just one number: 999950883 . Can someone please tell why did this happen. Is this number special in some terms? My submission link: https://codeforces.cc/contest/1560/submission/126314408
 » 4 weeks ago, # | ← Rev. 2 →   +9 Disliked this contest, 7 constructive/greedy approaches, really? Nothing educational/interesting. Your div.3 #734 was far more better: it had cool dp and graph problems.
•  » » 4 weeks ago, # ^ |   0 I have the same opinion.
 » 4 weeks ago, # |   0 Very good Editorial,and very good problem!especially for problem F2,a short solution and a long solution are very good for readers.And it is pretty suitable for beginner coders!:)
 » 4 weeks ago, # |   0 is there any other way to guess that 2^18 thing(size of set of powers of 2) for problem D? Thanks
 » 4 weeks ago, # |   0 how does problem rating system works I dont think C would be 800 atleast 900, I guess since a lot of people have solved it , it is given 800.
 » 4 weeks ago, # |   0 Problem C is similar to the CSES Number Spiral, here is the O(1) solution comparatively easy from the editorial.  int n; cin >> n; int y = sqrt(n); if(y*y == n){ cout << y << ' ' << 1 << '\n'; return; } int z = y+1; if(n > z*z - z){ cout << z << ' ' << z*z - n + 1 << '\n'; return; } cout << n - y*y << ' ' << y+1 << '\n'; 
•  » » 4 weeks ago, # ^ | ← Rev. 3 →   -8 sqrt() doesn't work in $O(1)$. It works in $O(\mathrm{log}$ $n)$.
•  » » » 4 weeks ago, # ^ | ← Rev. 2 →   0 why down vote isn't asymptotic complexity of this library function $sqrt()$ is $\mathcal O(logn)$
 » 4 weeks ago, # |   0 Problem E has the sorting and binary search tags, can someone explain where it can be used in the solution?
 » 4 weeks ago, # |   0 Can anyone please explain to me...why in problem D..we are only considering up to power of 2 equal to 18?
•  » » 4 weeks ago, # ^ |   0 yes please anyone?
•  » » 4 weeks ago, # ^ |   0 it is $2\cdot10^{18}$
•  » » » 4 weeks ago, # ^ |   0 Yes...sorry for the mistake..do you know why this upper limit is taken!
•  » » » » 4 weeks ago, # ^ | ← Rev. 2 →   0 In worst we may have to remove either all digit of n which can be atmost 10 operation as $limit$ of n is $10^9$ or we may have to append 9 digit in right of n which increases value of n equal $10^{18}$ is equivalent to $2^{60}$ at most. Checking for all 60 power of 2 and and finding min operation to convert it to perfect power of $2$.
 » 4 weeks ago, # |   0 In Editorial for D problem I am unable to understand why upper limit is 10^18
•  » » 4 weeks ago, # ^ | ← Rev. 2 →   0 Observe that n's upper bound means there's a limit to your answer which is the number you'd get from deleting all digits and adding a single-digit power of two. The question then is how large of a power-of-2 could you construct with any max-digit-length n + that many add-a-digit-to-the-right operations?The last case in the sample was helpful in that regard: if you bounded your powers of two according to n itself, you'd get an incorrect result for it.Extra: consider why 10^9 and 10^18 are commonly seen limits...Disclosure: I didn't think of this during the contest either, womp womp.edit: uhhhh, this was in the editorial... in which case, sorry for being repetitive...
 » 4 weeks ago, # |   0 I really liked this contest, genuinely enjoyed doing problems C,D,E,F.
 » 4 weeks ago, # |   0 what kind of error is this?"wrong answer order too long"...everything seems alright...getting all the outputs that are visible, matching...can someone help? string trans problem https://codeforces.cc/contest/1560/submission/126609563
 » 4 weeks ago, # | ← Rev. 2 →   0 Which is 189 number in 5 test case in 1560F1 - Ближайшее красивое число (упрощённая версия) problem?MrPaul_TUser please give that case because there are a huge number of submissions failed on that case and it is interesting to me to know why
 » 4 weeks ago, # |   0 in problem c i didn't understand the logic/intution behind statement "the number belongs to the i-th row and the (i−(m−i))-th column. if(m>i)" can someone explain it please
 » 4 weeks ago, # |   0 Hey guys, this was my 2nd competition abd I could solve only A, B and C, one more than my first competition. But I notice that for most of the question I form the logic almost equal to the editorial but screw up in small details. Any tips and suggestions for me??
 » 4 weeks ago, # |   0 This is my approach for problem C. Although this showed WA during the contest but it got accepted now. 126677915
 » 4 weeks ago, # |   0 Can anyone please help me with understanding why this code gives TLE though it's mostly similar to the solution given in editorial. https://codeforces.cc/contest/1560/submission/126656613
 » 4 weeks ago, # |   0 Please someone help me.... why my answer is the wrong test3 for F1. 126757323 above is my submission. also tell me, how to improve my code.